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🇸🇬 Singapore Tax year YA 2025

Employed vs self-employed in Singapore

Many EP holders model **0% CPF**; citizens need to add **20%** employee CPF on relevant wages.

Interactive calculator

Employee (resident)

Citizens/PR: model your effective rate; 0 for many EP holders

Self-employed

Net (employee)
Net (freelance)
Line item Employee (resident) Self-employed

**S$80,000** employment income often nets **~S$62k–S$64k** after resident progressive tax in this toy model. **S$80,000** sole-prop profit with **S$9k** expenses lands nearer **S$58k–S$60k** once tax hits the full profit—add Medisave/CPF if you are PR/citizen.

Three SGD checkpoints

- S$60k salary: ~S$48k net here. - S$60k profit: ~S$46k net before voluntary savings. - S$120k salary: ~S$91k net vs S$120k freelance profit ~S$87k unless expenses spike.

GST registration

Not modeled—if you exceed S$1M turnover, GST affects quotes and cash flow.

Worked example: S$80,000 employment — what you keep

S$80,000 employment income for a tax resident often nets ~S$63,000 after progressive tax in simplified models. Citizens/PRs also pay CPF: employee 20% on ordinary wages (subject to ceilings) plus employer 17%~S$13k–15k employee and ~S$11k–13k employer on typical bands, money you cannot spend today but which is wealth. A self-employed person with S$80,000 profit and S$8,000 expenses—after tax on S$72,000 and without full employee CPF—may keep ~S$58,000–60,000 cash but must fund Medisave and retirement explicitly if applicable.

Item Employee (S$80k) Self-employed (S$80k revenue)
Income / revenue S$80,000 S$80,000
Business expenses −S$8,000
Taxable income S$80,000 S$72,000
Income tax (resident model) −S$3,350 −S$2,650
CPF employee / Medisave (illustrative) −S$12,800 −S$3,000
Employer CPF (benefit) S$10,800 S$0
≈ Cash + forced savings ≈ S$63,850 ≈ S$66,350

EP holders often have **0% CPF**—toggle assumptions to your status. **GST** registration near **S$1M** turnover changes quoting.

Common mistakes when comparing pay in Singapore

Ignoring CPF as part of compensation

Employer CPF is real money locked for housing/medical/retirement—freelancers must replicate it voluntarily.

Comparing revenue to salary without expenses

S$80k invoices minus 10–15% costs are not S$80k salary.

Forgetting progressive tax residency

Non-residents can face different treatment—this model assumes resident bands.

Missing Medisave/top-ups

Self-employed Medisave obligations can bite cash flow even when income tax looks low.

Who benefits most from freelancing in Singapore?

When self-employment wins

Freelancing works when:

  • Your **day rate** clears **S$800–1,200+** in corporate demand (fintech, infra, PMO).
  • You are **EP-style** with no CPF drag but price risk into the contract.
  • You serve **export clients** where GST may be out of scope (verify).
  • You keep **utilisation high** and admin low.

When employment is safer

Stay employed when:

  • You need **CPF-backed housing** servicing and predictable payslips.
  • Your freelance rate implies **<S$600/day** after bench.
  • You want **employer medical and dental** without shopping plans.
  • You rely on **bonuses and stock** tied to headcount.

FAQ

Non-resident rates?

Not modeled—foreign-sourced rules need bespoke advice.

Is CPF modeled exactly?

Illustrative—ceilings and age bands change yearly.

Does this include SRS?

No—SRS deductions are optional planning.

What about GST?

Not in net tax here—register if turnover crosses thresholds.

How much revenue matches S$80k salary with CPF?

Often **S$95k–115k+** profit depending on expenses and Medisave.

Can I compare PR vs citizen?

Adjust CPF rates manually—this is a simplified resident view.

Are director fees covered?

No—specific rules may apply.

Part-year tax residency?

Prorate income; year of arrival/departure needs IRAS filing care.